CREATING FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS FOR THE GROWTH OF THE IDU MISHMI LANGUAGE OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Keywords:
Idu Mishmi, language death, endangered language, efforts for saving, options of saving methodsAbstract
Idu Mishmi language is considered a definitely endangered language according to the records of the UNESCO ‘Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger’, (2009). Therefore, effective efforts are necessary to preserve the language which is the main source of culture, identity and the mainstay of the Idu Mishmi people of Arunachal Pradesh. Languages are dying every day and the efforts to save them are made by various societies in different ways. Referring to the initiatives and measures taken to stop the language death that are globally practised, some practices which can be used for the Idu Mishmi language are discussed here. The options for the Idu Mishmi speakers to use some such methods for the growth of the Idu Mishmi language form an important discussion in the present paper.
Downloads
References
Asher, J.J. (2000). Learning another language through actions (6th ed.). Los Gatos, CA: Sky Oaks Productions.
Baruah, Tapan Kumar. (1988). The Idu Mishmis, Itanagar: Government of Arunachal Pradesh. [reprint of a 1960 publication]. Print
Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books. Kipp, D. (2000). Encouragement, guidance, insights and lessons learned from Native language activists developing their own tribal language programs.
Bhattacharjee, Tarun. (1983). The Idus of Mathun and Dri Valley, Shillong: Government of Arunachal Pradesh. Print
Bradley, David, and Maya Bradley. (2002). Language Maintenance for Endangered Languages: An Active Approach. London: Curzon Press.Print
Brown, N. (1837). ‘Comparison of Indo-Chinese Languages’ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 6:1023-1038.Print
Brown, N. (1850). ‘Aborigines of the North East Frontier’ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 19:309-316. Print
Browning, MT: Piegan Institute. Retrieved Nov. 24, 2008, at http://www. grottofoundation.org/upload/store/peigan.pdf Bastien, B. (2004).
Bryson, B. (2009). Mother Tongue. United Kingdom: Penguin Books.Print
Campbell, G. (1874). Specimens of Languages of India: Including Those of the Aboriginal Tribes of Bengal, the Central Provinces, and the Eastern Frontier, Calcutta: Printed at the Bengal Secretariat Press. Print
Ceramella, N. (2012) Is English a Killer Language or an International Auxiliary? Its Use and Function in a Globalised World. International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication. (online), 1 (1) [Accessed 19th January 2015] pp. 9-23.
Crystal, D. (2000) Language Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Print
Crystal, D. (2000). Energising Englishes. English Teaching Professional, 1(14),.Print
Crystal, D. (2000). Language Death. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.Print
Crystal, D. (2000). Language Death. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Print DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139106856
Crystal, D. (2003) English as a Global Language. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Print
Crystal, D. (2010) The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Language. 3rdedition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Print
Dalby, A. (2003). Language in danger. Chichester, United Kingdom: Columbia University Press.Print
Dr. Dennis O’Neil. (2013)."Language and Culture: An Introduction to Human Communication." Palomar College, July 3, 2013. Print
Dutta, C. (1978). Arunachal Pradesh, Lohit District Gazetteer, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.Print
Fishman, A. (2001). Can threatened languages be saved? Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Print DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853597060
Hinton, L., M. Vera & N. Steele. (2002). How to keep your language alive: A commonsense approach to one-on-one language learning.
Jenkins, S. (1995, February, 25). The Triumph of English. The Times.Print
Khirbawhani. (2005). Impact of Westernization On Indian Culture. [Weblog]. Retrieved 28 January, 2016. Print
Kipps, Darrell. (2009). Encouragement, Guidance and Lessons Learned: 21 Years in the Trenches of Indigenous Language Revitalization. 2009:6. Print
Konow, Sten. (1902). ‘Note on the Languages Spoken between Assam Valley and Tibet’ The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1902: 127-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00157119
McKay, P. (1994, April 24). English Rules the Waves. The Sunday Times. Print
Moseley,Christopher (ed.). (2009). UNESCO’s Atlas of the world’s languages in danger
Mufwene, S. (2004). Language Birth and Death. Anthropol, 33(1), 201-222. Print DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143852
Nettle, D. & Romaine, S. (2000). Vanishing voices: The extinction of the world’s languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Print
Nuwer, R. (2014). Languages: Why we must save dying tongues, BBC on-line. Print
Nuwer, Rachel. (2007). Languages: Why we must save dying tongues? Web. 31 Aug. 2007. http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140606-why-we-must-save-dying-languages. Print
Paton, G. (2013). Daily Telegraph online Retrieved 28 January 2016. Print
Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Print
Pulu, Jatan (1978). Idu phrasebook, Shillong: Arunachal Pradesh Directorate of Research. Print
Pulu, Jimi (2002). A Handbook on Idu Mishmi Language, Itanagar: Arunachal Pradesh Directorate of Research. Print
Raine, P. (2012). ‘Why is English the Dominant World Language?’ [Accessed 20 January 2015]. Print
Ratcliffe, R. (2013). The Guardian. Retrieved 28 February 2016. Print
Reyhner, Jon, Louise Lockard. (2009). Indigenous Language Revitalization: Encouragement, Guidance and Lessons Learned. Northern Arizona University (p.1-10). Print
Reyhner, Jon, Louise Lockard. (2009). Indigenous Language Revitalization: Encouragement, Guidance and Lessons Learned. Northern Arizona University (p.11-22). Print
Rosenthal, M.J. (2014). Public Radio International. Retrieved 28 January 2016. Print
Rymer, R. (2012, July). Vanishing Voices. National Geographic. Print
Schmidt, A. (1985). The fate of ergativity in dying Dyirbal. Language, 61(2), 378-396. Print DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/414150
Schneider, E. (2011). English around the world New York: Cambridge University Press. Print
Shamim, Fauzia. (2017). “English as the language of development in Pakistan: issues, challenges and possible solutions”. Print
Shamim, F. (2011). Dreams and Realities: Developing Countries and the English Language. Retrieved 28 January 2016. Print
Stanford, James N., Lindsay J. Whaley. (2010). The Sustainability of Languages. The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic & Social Sustainability, Vol.6, No.3,2010, -p.113). Print DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/CGP/v06i03/54784
The Times of India. (2010). Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language. Retrieved 28 January 2016. Print
Treuer, D. (2008), Blackfoot ways of knowing. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: University of Calgary Press.
Treuer, D. (2008, April 6). If they’re lost, who are we? Washington Post.
Unesco. (2016). Endangered languages. Retrieved 28 January 2016. Print
URL-http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/en/atlas map/language-id-1084.html.
Wardhaugh, R. (1987) Languages in Competition: Dominance, Diversity and Decline. Oxford: Blackwell. Print
Published on: 2023-08-03
Also Available On
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ruth Michichi, Dr. Krushna Chandra Mishra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors contributing to this journal retain the copyright of their articles but agree to publish their articles under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, for any purpose, even commercially, under the condition that appropriate credit is given, that a link to the license is provided, and that they indicate if changes were made. They may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses them or their use.
