Examining Private School Teachers as Subjects of Workplace Spirituality in Mediating the Link Between Spiritual Leadership and Teacher Agility
Keywords:
Spirituality Leadership, Teacher Agility, Workplace SpiritualityAbstract
Examining the relationship between spiritual leadership (SL), workplace spirituality (WPS), and teacher agility is the goal of this study. The research sample was teachers at senior high schools and vocational high schools under the auspices of the Yohanes Gabriel Foundation, Surabaya Diocese which operates in Madiun City, totaling 50 teachers. The data collection technique uses two methods, namely distributing questionnaires directly and using an online survey via Google Forms. Two methodologies were used in the data analysis procedure to achieve the research objectives: descriptive statistics and inferential data analysis SEM-PLS. The results of the hypothesis test indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between WPS and teacher agility and a positive and significant relationship between SL and WPS. The novelty of this research is the role of WPS in perfectly mediating the link between SL and teacher agility. The results of this study have consequences for educational institutions that want to improve their spiritual leadership practices to create a more spiritual workplace, which will increase the adaptability of their teachers.
Downloads
References
Adnan, N., Bhatti, O. K., & Farooq, W. (2020). Relating ethical leadership with work engagement: How workplace spirituality mediates? Cogent Business and Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1739494
Ali, Z., & Zaky, M. (2018). Spiritual Values and Spiritual Practices: Interactive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness. Etikonomi, 17(1), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v17i1.6497
Ansory, M. I. Al, Asmony, T., & Nurmayanti, S. (2022). The Effect of Spiritual Leadership, Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) with Workplace Spirituality as a Mediation Variable on Islamic Boarding Scholl Teacher in East Praya District. International Journal of Multicultural and Mulitireligious Understanding, 9(8), 381–393. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v9i8.4043
Aprilia, E. D., & Katiara, O. (2020). Workplace Spirituality and Work Engagement Among High School Teachers in Banda Aceh. Jurnal Psikologi, 19(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.1.61-71
Arcadio, A. R. C., Diola, D. D., & Obice, J. C. M. (2023). Teacher’Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Tertiary Education in Cavite, Philipines: A Correlational Study. Psych Educ, 12, 609–613. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8264821
Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at Work: A Conceptualization and Measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134–145.
Astakoni, I. M. P., Wayan Wardita, I., Luh Putu Sariani, N., Wayan Wijayanti, N., & Made Widnyani, N. (2021). Spiritual Leadership, Workplace Spirituality, Individual Spirituality And Organizational Commitment; Intervention and Moderation Model. Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian, 187–218. http://ojs.stimihandayani.ac.id/index.php/PROSIDING/article/view/453
Astuti, R. J., & Haryani, S. P. (2021). Workplace Spirituality as Mediation of Spiritual Leadership to Affective Commitment. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020-Accounting and Management (ICoSIAMS 2020), 176(ICoSIAMS 2020), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210121.011
Danaiee-Fard, H., Viseh, S. M., & Shekary, H. (2011). Spiritual capacity and spiritual leadership in the improvement of working conditions of organizations. International Conference on Business and Economic Reseacrh (2nd ICBER 2011), 149–164.
Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807–833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.008
Eisingerich, A. B., & Rubera, G. (2010). Drivers of brand commitment: A cross-national investigation. Journal of International Marketing, 18(2), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.18.2.64
Elfia Nora, Sopiah Sopiah, & Imam Bukhori. (2023). Causality Investigation Of The Relationship Between Workplace Spirituality And Self-Esteem On Intention To Stay In Work Engagement Mediation For Teachers Of SMK PGRI And Negeri In Mojokerto Regency, East Java. Brilliant International Journal Of Management And Tourism, 3(3), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.55606/bijmt.v3i3.2245
Fry, L., & Kriger, M. (2009). Towards a theory of being-centered leadership: Multiple levels of being as context for effective leadership. Human Relations, 62(11), 1667–1696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709346380
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
Fry, L. W., & Matherly, L. L. (2006). Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Performance: An Exploratory Study. Presented at the 2006 Academy of Management Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39399-5_31
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.012
Gül, F. Ö., & Çetin, M. (2022). Development of Organizational Agility Scale in Higher Education: A Validity and Reliability Study. Avesis.Medeniyet.Edu.Tr, 12(3), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.852759
Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate_Data_Analysis_7th_Edition.pdf (pp. 1–761).
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) - Joseph F. Hair, Jr., G. Tomas M. Hult, Christian Ringle, Marko Sarstedt. In Sage.
Hakim, A., & Azlimin. (2015). Model of Increasing Human Resources Commitment Based on Spiritual Leadership and Spiritual Survival as well as Workplace Spirituality with Moderating Individual Spirituality (in Indonesia). 2nd Conference in Business, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), 344–356.
Hassan, M., Bin Nadeem, A., & Akhter, A. (2016). Impact of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction: Mediating effect of trust. Cogent Business and Management, 3(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1189808
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hisam, M. W., & Sanyal, S. (2021). Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Commitment – A Study in an Emerging Economy. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(4), 984–1000. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.589
Indradevi, R. (2020). Workplace spirituality: Successful mantra for modern organization. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(6), 437–440. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.06.77
Kızıloğlu, M. (2021). The impact of school principal ’ s leadership styles on organizational learning : Mediating effect of organizational kültürünün arabuluculuk etkisi Theoretical background Theory of leadership Transformational leadership and organizational learning. Bmij, 9, 822–834.
Kock, N. (2014). Advanced Mediating Effects Tests, Multi-Group Analyses, and Measurement Model Assessments in PLS-Based SEM. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 10(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2014010101
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Kumar, S. (2024). An exploratory study on workplace spirituality and organizational commitment in higher education institude. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 28(2), 1–11.
Mahyarni. (2019). The influence of spiritual leadership and its impacts on the reduction of workplace deviant behavior. International Journal of Public Leadership, 15(3), 170–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-01-2019-0003
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426–447. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810310484172
Muhson, A. (2022). Statistical Analysis With SmartPLS. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 1–34.
Naidoo, M. (2014). The potential of spiritual leadership in workplace spirituality. Koers, 79(2). https://doi.org/10.4102/koers.v79i2.2124
Narenji Thani, F., Mazari, E., Asadi, S., & Mashayekhikhi, M. (2022). The impact of self-development on the tendency toward organizational innovation in higher education institutions with the mediating role of human resource agility. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(2), 852–873. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-05-2020-0151
Oh, J., & Wang, J. (2020). Spiritual leadership: Current status and Agenda for future research and practice. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 17(3), 223–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2020.1728568
Patil, M., & Suresh, M. (2019). Modelling the Enablers of Workforce Agility in IoT Projects: A TISM Approach. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 20(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-019-00208-7
Paul, M., Jena, L. K., & Sahoo, K. (2020). Workplace Spirituality and Workforce Agility: A Psychological Exploration Among Teaching Professionals. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(1), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00918-3
Petermann, M. K. H., & Zacher, H. (2022). Workforce Agility: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(March). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841862
Pradana, D. W. (2022). Peran Moderasi Work Spirituality pada Hubungan antara Servant Leadership dan Decision to Stay Tenaga Pengajar pada Lembaga Pendidikan di Surabaya. Journal of Management and Business Review, 19(2), 168–176. https://doi.org/10.34149/jmbr.v19i2.277
Pulungan, M. H. S., & Martdianty, F. (2024). The Effects of Workplace Spirituality Toward Public Service Motivation with Employee Well-Being, Organizational Identification, and Workforce Agility as Mediating Variable. Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-234-7_156
Ramachandaran, S. D., Krauss, S. E., Hamzah, A., & Idris, K. (2017). Effectiveness of the use of spiritual intelligence in women academic leadership practice. International Journal of Educational Management, 31(2), 160–178. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2015-0123
Rego, A., & Pina E Cunha, M. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039
Robbins, Stephen P., Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational Behavior (15th ed) One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River. Education, Pearson.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational Behavior (S. Y. Director (ed.); 15th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Self-determination theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052675-23
Saeed, I., Khan, J., Zada, M., Ullah, R., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Contreras-Barraza, N. (2022). Towards Examining the Link Between Workplace Spirituality and Workforce Agility: Exploring Higher Educational Institutions. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 31–49. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S344651
Salmen, K., & Festing, M. (2022). Paving the way for progress in employee agility research: a systematic literature review and framework. In International Journal of Human Resource Management (Vol. 33, Issue 22). https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1943491
Sapta, I. K. S., Rustiarini, N. W., Kusuma, I. G. A. E. T., & Astakoni, I. M. P. (2021). Spiritual leadership and organizational commitment: The mediation role of workplace spirituality. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1966865
Saputra, N., Tuti, R. W., & Satispi, E. (2023). Workforce Agility during COVID-19: The Effect of Teamwork and Empowering Leadership. Proceedings of the 3rd Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Science 2021 (BIS-HSS 2021), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-49-7_34
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Handbook of Market Research. In Handbook of Market Research (Issue September). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8
Saxena, A., & Prasad, A. (2022). Conceptualisation and Validation of Multidimensional Measure of Workplace Spirituality. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 9(1), 100–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/23220937221076296
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2017). Research Methods for Business (Seventh Ed). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/id/eprint/12007
Sherehiy, B., & Karwowski, W. (2014). The relationship between work organization and workforce agility in small manufacturing enterprises. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 44(3), 466–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2014.01.002
Soliman, M., Di Virgilio, F., Figueiredo, R., & Sousa, M. J. (2021). The impact of workplace spirituality on lecturers’ attitudes in tourism and hospitality higher education institutions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38(April 2020), 100826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100826
Sulastini, Wijayanti, T. C., & Rajiani, I. (2023). Workplace Spirituality as an Alternative Model for Promoting Commitment to Change and Change-Oriented Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. Administrative Sciences, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13030086
Tamtam, F., & Tourabi, A. (2020). A framework for measuring workforce agility: Fuzzy logic approach applied in a Moroccan manufacturing company. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems, 5(3), 411–418. https://doi.org/10.25046/aj050352
Tri Sinarti, & Sopiah. (2023). Why Spiritual Leadership is Such an Important Component of the Company: Scoping Overview. EKSYAR : Jurnal Ekonomi Syari’ah & Bisnis Islam, 10(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.54956/eksyar.v10i1.407
Umbara, S., Firdaus, T., & Aristin, R. (2022). The Antecedents and Consequents of Work Motivation Based on Social Exchange Theory : Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 9(8), 357–370.
Widhiarso, W. (2010). Get acquainted with Mediation Analysis: Regression Involving Mediator Variables (in Indonesia) (Issue February). https://www.researchgate.net/publication
Published on: 26-11-2025
Also Available On
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Veronika Agustini Srimulyani, Fransisca Mudjijanti, Sri Rustiyaningsih, Yonathan Setyawan, Yustinus Budi Hermanto

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors contributing to this journal retain the copyright of their articles but agree to publish their articles under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, for any purpose, even commercially, under the condition that appropriate credit is given, that a link to the license is provided, and that they indicate if changes were made. They may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses them or their use.
