Synergistic role of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and bacterial structure on antibacterial drugs
Keywords:
Antibacterial drugs, antibiotics, pharmaceutical science, Drugs, Resistance.Abstract
The illnesses induced by pathogenic microorganisms, particularly bacteria, are progressively on the rise at a global scale. Antibiotics, whether derived from specific microorganisms naturally or altered chemically, play a vital role in managing bacterial infections. These pharmaceuticals hinder or eradicate bacteria through a variety of mechanisms, which include impeding the synthesis of cell walls or cell membranes, inhibiting the production of proteins and specific metabolites, as well as thwarting the synthesis of nucleic acids. Nevertheless, bacteria have the ability to acquire resistance to antibiotic treatment through various means, such as the generation of specific enzymes like extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) to degrade the antibiotic, reducing drug absorption by bacterial cells, and modifying target locations. This analysis functions as an extensive manual on antibiotics, concentrating on their historical context, production, and evolution, the interactions of antibiotics within the human body, the different categories of antibiotics and their modes of action against bacteria. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the factors that contribute to bacterial resistance, the significance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and their diverse forms in resistance progression, and prospective strategies for addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are the focal points of this paper.
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