The three big wars between Afghanistan and England

Abstract

From the establishment of Ahmad Shah Durrani's government in Kandahar, Afghanistan had become a completely independent country in the region. For this reason, the first rulers of this country come to power and acted as king, which resulted in the domination of foreign countries, especially England, in Afghanistan some of the king or ruler, like Shah Zaman Durrani, was very interested in conquering the northern and northwestern regions of India. On this issue, in the early year of 1797, Shah Zaman sent a message to Marquis Wesley, the Governor General of the East India Company, informing him of his decision to conquer the northern parts of India and inviting him to help push the Maratha tribe back to the Deccan and cooperate with Afghan forces. Finally, these actions imposed a series of agreements on Afghanistan that are still in place today. During the first period of Shah Shuja's reign, 1804-1809, the first treaty that was imposed, called the Peshawar Treaty, was signed by the representatives of Afghanistan and England, Alfinstin from England, Muhammad Akram, Amin Mulk, and Abul Hasan, the treasurer of Shah Shuja, on June 17, 1809, in Peshawar. The British signed three treaties with Shah Shuja. The Treaty of Peshawar, Treaty of Lahore, and Treaty of Kandahar, in all three of these treaties Shah Shuja was in different conditions. The colonialist actions of the British caused a lot of opposition from the people and governments of Afghanistan, and among all the colonial powers of that time, the European country was the first country that paid special attention to Afghanistan and its foreign policy and was still earlier than others in its internal affairs. Interfered, Britain was controlled by the East India Company from India, the said company had been able to develop its political, military, and economic influence in the land of India until the end of the 18th century. One of the most important reasons for the three wars between the two countries was the policy of development and advancement of Britain and protecting India from powers like Russia and France, and also the competition between the two empires of Russia and England in Central Asia, which led to British aggression in the territory of Afghanistan and Taking many parts of these lands was imposed by signing treaties and contracts.